Communicators

-          Official opening and start of Vulcan's Lithium Extraction and Optimisation Plant (LEOP) in Germany.

-          Europe's first plant for fully domestic lithium chemicals production, to secure Europe's lithium supply chain for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) manufacturers.

-          Produced from the largest lithium resource in Europe, the Upper Rhine Valley Brine Field.

-          Representing a €40m investment by Vulcan, LEOP is an optimisation, operational training and product qualification facility, to enable commercial operational readiness.

-          Part of the ZERO CARBON LITHIUM™ Project, renewable heat in the lithium brine resource allows Vulcan to produce with a net zero carbon footprint, a world first in lithium.

Karlsruhe, 23 November 2023: Vulcan officially opened its Lithium Extraction Optimisation Plant (LEOP) in Landau, Germany, in a ceremony attended by local community, shareholders, politicians, strategic partners and industry.

The start of operations at LEOP will signify the first lithium chemicals which will be produced in Europe with an entirely locally sourced value chain. The renewable heat in the lithium brine resource at the Zero Carbon Lithium™ Project will also enable Vulcan to produce with a net zero carbon footprint and co- production of renewable energy, a world-first in the lithium industry.

Vulcan has successfully tested and piloted lithium production using in the Upper Rhine Valley Brine Field for nearly three years, including at its pilot plants in Insheim and Landau. Over 10,000 hours of successful in- house pilot plant performance testing has been conducted to date, showing high lithium recoveries and thousands of cycles of sorbent life with no degradation. Vulcan uses its proprietary in-house sorbent, VULSORB®, which has shown a high-performance relative to "off the shelf" products. Vulcan has proven that the sustainable lithium production process Adsorption-Type Direct Lithium Extraction (A-DLE), which accounts for 10% of global lithium production today, can be successfully applied in the Upper Rhine Valley, heated and powered by geothermal renewable energy. This means that Europe can not only produce its own locally-sourced lithium for battery electric vehicles, but also do so with a world-leading net zero carbon footprint.

Vulcan’s LEOP will serve as an optimisation facility and training ground for its production team, producing tonnes of lithium chloride, whilst the Phase One commercial plant is being constructed and commissioned over the next two and a half years.

Currently, the EU has set a target of 100% of vehicles to be zero emissions by 2035, indicating Europe will see a 57–fold increase in lithium demand in the coming years; until now, there has been zero local lithium supply. Vulcan's Zero Carbon Lithium™ Project, with integrated renewable heat, renewable power and lithium production, will pave the way for Germany and more broadly Europe toward achieving a net zero shift in mobility and energy.

With lithium offtake agreements in place with Stellantis, Volkswagen, Renault, Umicore and LG, Vulcan is delivering towards a competitive and sustainable battery industry in Europe across the entire value chain. Once Phase One commercial production commences, Vulcan’s ZERO CARBON LITHIUM™ business will produce enough lithium hydroxide for 500,000 BEVs, as well as providing renewable heating to local communities and generating thousands of direct and indirect energy transition jobs.

The opening of LEOP is timely given the EU reached a resolution and agreement on the Critical Raw Materials Act last week, as lithium is at the top of the “Critical Raw Materials list” for the BEV industry. This creates a policy tailwind for Vulcan as it readies for Phase One commercial project execution production.

Vulcan's CEO and Managing Director, Cris Moreno, stated, "Vulcan and its ZERO CARBON LITHIUM™ business is driving new standards of sustainability in the lithium industry, whilst being at the forefront of creating a new, locally-supplied lithium industry for BEVs in Europe. Our LEOP plant is ready to start production. This is not just an achievement for Vulcan; it's a step towards Germany, and more broadly Europe, securing the lithium it needs to help its auto industry survive and thrive in the electric age, without compromising on ethical or sustainability standards.”

A week ago, Vulcan presented the results of its Bridging Study, showcasing a solid financial position and reduced CAPEX as we advance our Phase One commercial project. The financing for Phase One has commenced, and with our LEOP start, we are building a pathway towards ZERO CARBON LITHIUM™ from Europe, for Europe."

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Media and Investor Relations contact

International:

Annabel Roedhammer

Director Communications and Investor Relations

aroedhammer@v-er.eu

+49 (0) 1511 410 1585

About Vulcan

Founded in 2018, Vulcan’s unique ZERO CARBON LITHIUM™ Project aims to decarbonise lithium production, through developing the world’s first net carbon neutral lithium business, with the co-production of renewable geothermal energy on a mass scale. By adapting existing technologies to efficiently extract lithium from geothermal brine, Vulcan aims to deliver a local source of sustainable lithium for Europe, built around a net zero carbon strategy with exclusion of fossil fuels. Already an operational renewable energy producer, Vulcan will also provide renewable electricity and heat to local communities. Vulcan’s combined geothermal energy and lithium resource is the largest in Europe1, with licence areas focused on the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany. Strategically placed in the heart of the European electric vehicle market to decarbonise the supply chain, Vulcan is rapidly advancing the Zero Carbon Lithium™ Project to target timely market entry, with the ability to expand to meet the unprecedented demand that is building in the European markets. Guided by our Values of Climate Champion, Determined and Inspiring, and united by a passion for the environment and leveraging scientific solutions, Vulcan has a unique, world-leading scientific and commercial team in the fields of lithium chemicals and geothermal renewable energy. Vulcan is committed to partnering with organisations that share its decarbonisation ambitions and has binding lithium offtake agreements with some of the largest cathode, battery, and automakers in the world. As a motivated disruptor, Vulcan aims to leverage its multidisciplinary expert team, leading geothermal technology and position in the European EV supply chain to be a global leader in producing zero fossil fuel, net carbon neutral lithium while being nature positive. Vulcan aims to be the largest, most preferred, strategic supplier of lithium chemicals and renewable power and heating from Europe, for Europe; to empower a net zero carbon future.

1 According to public, JORC-compliant data. See Upgrade of Zero Carbon Lithium™ Project Resources, 29 September 2023